OE thēow (cf. OHG dionōn, dionēn, G. diener) and O.E. þræl (from O.N. þræll; cf. Danish træl, Swedish träl; also, "enthrall") are slaves, bondsmen, servants with a Lord. A "churl" was a freeman--the lowest ranked freeman.

There is a big step between these ranks. Here is good writ about this: http://www.regia.org/Saxons1.htm

Cheers!

"perhaps! I guess that makes "perhaps" 1/2 Latinate! lol ... forhaps?"

Maybe also "byhaps"... L. per >> for, by, through. I can hear folks in the Southern U.S. saying "ferhaps" with a Southern drawl, and the British saying "foh-haps".

"As for mark ... at times it fits ... but the "mark of the beast" is a bad thing! Being a "marked man" is not a good thing. Getting good marks in school doesn't bestow a trait on a person. We don't say "trait of the beast" nor a "traited man" ... "

That is not the point, is it? Look at my byspel, "SOUND". One word, spelled the same in each way, but meaning something else. It is not common either to say "a trait of a pen", although it has that use. There are more than forty (40) different ways and meanings for MARK, which include

* an object or end desired or striven for; goal.
* a distinctive trait or characteristic: "the usual marks of a gentleman".
* distinction or importance; repute; note: "a man of mark"
* a recognized or required standard of quality, accomplishment, etc.; norm: "His dissertation was below the mark".
* a sign, token, or indication: to bow as a mark of respect.
* to be a distinguishing feature of: "a day marked by rain".

Mark is what was said in Old English for "characteristic". I think it fitting.

My 2 Marks. MfG.

churl = karl, kerl, ċeorl(e), kerel, karel, Polish Król, Hungarian kiraly, Czech kral, Charles, asf.

Rígsþula >> talks about the three sons of Ríg: Þræl, Karl and Jarl. This is a Germanic tale about class rank/standing.

Carlton and Charlton < both mean "the farm of the churls"

churl >> a freeman, under a þegn, but above a thrall. He was still a peasant, though.

SAMOD would help to give English a bunch of words back, if it could be brought back in to the mainstream.

samodswēġend "consonant, consonant sound"
samodsprǣċ "colloquy, conversation, conference"
samodwyrcende "cooperating"

SAMOD and SAME have like roots and are akin to each other.

@AnWulf:

I like bīspell >>> maybe write it byspell today. It wouldn't be that much of a stretch, since "gospel" is from O.E. godspel

"mark = trait? Maybe ... But a "marked man" is usually a condemned or targeted man."

One word can have many meanings, right? A "marked many" means something else than " the mark of a man", " a man of marks", "mark of the beast", "he gets good marks in school", asf. One could always say "worthy-marks", or something to make it more understandable.

@AnWulf: "communications in German is Kommunikation and maybe Nachrichtenwesen."

Yes, we do say "Kommunikationen", but also it depends on what one wants to say:

> telecommunications : das Fernmeldewesen
> communications network: das Nachrichtennetz
> radio communications: der Funkverkehr, das Funkwesen
> communication: die Mitteilung , der Austausch (of data), die Meldung, die Verbindung, die Vermittlung

And many, many others. Kommunikation is a business word that came likely from English,

@jayles: "I am not sure whether the two could co-exist without muddling."

Doesn't English already have a lot of this anyway??!! I give you SOUND >>>

>>> sound (mechanical wave,noise), sound (free from harm), sound (adv. deeply, thoroughly "sound asleep"), sound (v. to measure depth of water, hole, asf.), sound (to seek indirect feedback, "Why not sound him out about working for us?"), sound (n. a relatively narrow passage of water between larger bodies of water or between the mainland and an island)...and so forth and so on.

There are about twenty meanings for "sound" with the same spelling, but unlike parts of speech.

It seems to me "biword" would be fine next to "byword", especially if the "i" was keep in the word meaning adverb.

My 2 Marks! Nix fuer ungut!!!

@jayles >>> the Old English grammar names are the true names that were used in Old English!!!! I did not make them up. What this means is that the Latin names were NOT needed.

Some Ænglisc Grammar Names

noun >> nama
plural >> manigfeald
perfect aspect >> fullfremend
adverb >> biword
vowel >> selfswegend, clipiende stǽf
accusative >> wregendlic
case >> geendung